Ethics Development, Understanding & Application Essay

Ethics Development, Understanding & Application - Essay Example Ethics too considers the psychophysical behavior of human beings, but always with reference to some standard of what behavior ought to be. Behavior considered in terms of a moral situation is called conduct. A psychologist who tried to use the technique of the mathematician or physicist would find that his results bore little relation to the qualitative variety of people's minds. Similarly, the methods appropriate to ethics are not identical with the methods that have given effective results in biology, psychology, economics, or law. Ethics stands in important relations to each of these disciplines, but whatever materials the ethical philosopher may draw from related fields he draws simply as material to which his own distinctive method is to be applied. The ethics have great concerns with the societal trends, a person cannot be known as ethical who doing something that is actually considered good in his own view but the society condemns it. It is also dealing with the personal sense of choosing between right and wrong, if a person is acting in a way that is making himself feel wrong, then it is unethical. The Morals have although got direct concern with the ethics, the values are the trends that are set by the society no matter they are right or wrong for anyone but they are being followed by most of the individuals in the society and are considered to be right by the majority. Values again have direct concerns with the ethics as they define what actually is right and wrong, what is good and what is evil. Values are just our beliefs, or standards that we take into account on daily basis. My ethics have just been very much similar to what every one is following here, I consider the prohibited wrong and the usual practices right. I have been ethically sound as I know many of the things wrong, I consider breaking a traffic rule to be unethical, I consider hitting or fighting with someone to be unethical, I consider going for prayers to be very ethical, and also I consider to have illicit relation to be extremely unethical. I consider respecting elders to be ethical and cheating to be very unethical. Also religion have some influence in making me ethically more superior, the parents and the family have played even a bigger role in providing me with knowledge of what is socially acceptable. Friends and teachers also have got a lot to do with what I consider right and wrong. In my view, there are many forces that are making me understand the ethics, the rights and wrongs. Overall, the society, the parents, the religion, the friends and teachers have made me understood the ethical practices. My religion influenced my ethical behavior by emphasizing on many things considered to be wrong for instance by prohibiting the illicit relations. The society influenced my ethical behavior by giving me the concept of what could lead to punishment and what could lead to reward. My parents influenced my ethical behavior by perhaps not fighting with each other and living together after marriage with a proper sharing of everything with each other. My friends influenced my ethical behavior by ensuring that they are not really involved in any such criminal acts like drugs and other crimes. My teachers influenced my eth

Banc one corporation (interest rate yield curve and how Banc One's Essay

Banc one corporation (interest rate yield curve and how Banc One's interest swaps impact the curve) - Essay Example These swaps had a significant impact on their portfolio. Initially, they engaged in fixed-receiving IRSs’ which provided them with an above-market return or implied yield. In this case, swaps assisted them in generating higher returns, and thus its yield curve witnessed an upward shift. However, this yield curve would be flat as the rate is fixed. Also, it is shift in the implied yield rather than a rising slope because the tenure of the investment remained the same. After this, Banc One changed gears and opted for investing in short-term floating rate instruments and then entering into medium-term receive-fixed swaps. This again boosted the yield for the corporation, and at the same time provided liquid investments. The advantages of this structured product greatly outweighed the disadvantages. As part of its ongoing strategy to invest in CMOs’, the bank began to consider the development of a synthetic swap which would cater to the CMO investments which Banc One had ma de. Amortized Interest Rate Swaps were introduced. In this derivative, the bank was receiving a fixed rate and paying a floating rate. However, there was a risk of prepayments of the mortgages in which the bank had invested in. If the interest rates were to fall, the amortization of the CDOs’ would increase rapidly and the bank would find itself with funds to reinvest in a depressed market.

Brief Of Company Of United Parcel Service Commerce Essay

Brief Of Company Of United Parcel Service Commerce Essay United Parcel Service, Inc. also known as UPS is a courier organisation which is the worlds largest package delivery service provider today. It was founded in 1907 by Jim Casey and their headquarters are based in Georgia, United States. The organisations operating activities include logistics, freight forwarding, mail packages and supply chain services. It delivers packages to more than 200 countries and domains worldwide. Reasons for selecting The organisations revenue escalated from US$36.6 billion (2004) to US$51.5 billion (2008). Therefore, they have been scaling a tremendous growth rate for several years. A comprehensive analytical study of UPS operations and its corporate strategic implications would enable me to have a firm grasp of globalisation initiatives. With an applied oriented approach, I would garner a more in-depth perspective of strategic management. Main strategic issues facing the company Regarding the integration of information technology, infrastructure and its package delivery operations. To adopt a holistic perspective in tackling information systems with implications at a National and International level. To leverage on its profit-margins by aggressive pricing to rivals and counter escalating overheads in its infrastructure and operating costs, UPS has had to axe 1800 employees. Companys contribution to the National Economy UPS achieved approximately US$38.63 billion in revenue from the U.S. market share (75%) in 2008. UPS contributed 0.36% to the United States GDP of US$14.2 trillion in 2008. The organisation holds a 61% (US$31.28 billion) market share in the U.S. domestic delivery package service. Companys contribution to the Regional Economy The organisation has achieved an award on environmental excellence for the conservation of energy and dealing with global warming issues emphasising on corporate social responsibilities. The organisation recently invested in its corporate branding by sponsoring the Beijing Olympic Games 2008 to gain a foothold in the Chinese market. Recent strategic dilemma The recent U.S. economic recession has sent fuel prices increasing therefore incurring high operating costs. Recent strategic choice The recent opening of a new air hub in Shanghai that provides the organisation with more value added capacities and greater efficiencies in developing business opportunities. UPS partnership with DHL by consenting to its rival to outsource their businesses to them generating revenue of US$1 billion annually across 10 years. Source of Information on Company http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/UPS http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile http://www.ups.com/content/sg/en/about/index.html (349 words) Executive Summary United Parcel Service, Inc is an American-based organisation that is a freight and logistics provider globally across 200 countries and domains employing approximately 426,000 employees. The courier service industry which deals with parcel deliveries is currently in the mid-maturity stage of the Industry life cycle. Critical success factors such as service reliability, efficiency and technological integration into its massive infrastructure are key aspects for a package company to achieve its successful reputation. A substantial amount of initial capital investment is essential for a courier organisation to operate its activities due to purchases and leasing fees of aircrafts, ships and vehicles. Rivalry among existing firms is high, due to a large number of competitors offering competitive low cost pricing strategies. Stakeholders such as governmental regulations and international legislative authorities in various countries have imposed stringent laws and policies in conducting its operating process and procedures. UPS attributes its success and sustainability in developing a robust technological infrastructure and consistently abiding to corporate social responsibility practices. However, the steep increased in volatile fuel prices and substantial operating costs have led to the organisations recent restructuring. The substantial allocation of the firms resources diverted into the Chinese and Indian market would elevate the brand equity and turnovers of UPS. Therefore, it could geographically expand and further capitalise future growth out of the U.S. market dependency. Although UPS needs to address its short duration challenges by monitoring its cash flow activities, it has not compromised its spending in constructing new hub expansions globally in China, America and England primarily. The firms long term perspective has also focused on rectifying issues such as the improvement of delivery services to leverage on maintaining customer loyalty initiatives. The organizations ROI was 6.04% for 2008 which demonstrates that the firm was efficient in their management effectiveness. (298 words) Industry Life Cycle Courier Service Industry Industry Output Introduction Growth Maturity Decline o Time The courier industry has played a major role to facilitate the evolution of globalisation today. This sector has achieved tremendous growth revenues from the 1960s till 2003, before entering into the early maturity stage of the industry life cycle. The industry is looking at expansion opportunities, for example, setting up of new air hubs in other countries to leverage on its international branding. Some organisations have also gone onto diversification of its resources, for example additional services like warehousing and supply chain management solutions. With the implications of global market uncertainty thats happening throughout the world, it has made an impact on slow sales growths. In addition, escalating fuel prices and high operating costs like leasing fees have resulted on a decline or flat profit margin. Currently, I believe that this industry is at its mid- maturity stage of the life cycle. This industry has also experienced peak sales and their revenue is maintained or goes up slightly yearly. Large players in this industry have experienced low cost per customer due to economies of scale, for e.g. expanding their infrastructure and delivery operations on a wider scale in order to achieve lower costs and increased in output. The courier industry has existed for more than a century ago and there are many competitors in the market but some are recently exiting from this industry. The industry targets the mass market for e.g. household consumers, corporations and government agencies whereby all these segments require package deliveries for industrial growth. Price cuts policies are used to encourage customers to switch brand to cement its consistent revenues. There is low research and development needed because the industry has stabilised and systems and policies are already in place. Moreover, firms may result to cost reductions, e.g. axing of employees to reduce expenditure. Major firms might need to consider dropping a few subsidiaries and harvest the more profitable strategies and resources in order to sustain the business. Key Factors of Success Key Success Factors Weight United Parcel Service FedEx Deutsche Post DHL Rating Weighted Score Rating Weighted Score Rating Weighted Score 1 Corporate Branding 0.02 5.00 0.10 5.00 0.10 4.50 0.09 2 Technological Integration 0.10 5.00 0.50 4.50 0.45 4.50 0.45 3 Location Accessibility 0.14 5.00 0.70 4.50 0.63 4.00 0.56 4 Service Reliability 0.20 4.00 0.80 4.50 0.90 5.00 1.00 5 Low Operating Costs 0.15 4.50 0.68 4.00 0.60 3.50 0.53 6 Skills Expertise 0.17 5.00 0.85 4.50 0.77 4.50 0.77 7 Low Pricing Policies 0.03 4.50 0.14 4.50 0.14 5.00 0.15 8 Speed Efficiency 0.19 4.00 0.76 5.00 0.95 5.00 0.95 Total Scores 1.00 4.53 4.54 4.50 Trust, commitment, speed and efficiency are the most important factors to consider in this industry. Thats because customers using the service must rest assured that their packages arrive to their desired destinations on time and accurately to the appropriate address. Firms must deliver a high level of accountability and responsibility to their customers to uphold its reputation. That is why courier insurance policies offered to customers must be affordable and deliver value to ensure firms offers quality assurances. Pilots, drivers and shipmen have to acquire the appropriate expertise to be relied upon for safe deliveries to avoid damages and losses. Training and development programmes for operating aircrafts and vehicles are essential for smooth transit of packages and to ensure an accident-free dispatch. Hub location must also be conveniently and accessibly situated so that firms can deliver a faster and more responsive delivery at lower transportation time and costs. In this way, firms will achieve just-in-time (JIT) delivery system principle for storage costs to be kept at the lowest possible level. The advancement of information management systems integration leads to efficient operations to transact or track the progress of packages for customers and a more systematic process in handling business activities. Firms must also deliver low cost operations to achieve economies of scale by expansion for e.g. bulk purchases for their raw materials like cart boxes, papers, bubble bags and envelopes to attain a lower overall unit cost reduction. In addition, firms must also strategise affordable pricing policies to entice customers to use their services. Branding and advertising is crucial for a firm to defend its market share as this leads to awareness and quality emphasis for customers to develop brand positioning perceptions of various organisations. UPS has performed well by aggressively advertising its brand for e.g. sponsorship for the recent Beijing Olympics 2008 to leverage its recognition in the flourishing Chinese market. In addition, in terms of net income, UPS is the strongest in its financial stability (US$3 billion in 2008) but has to better its reliability, speed and customer service quality compared to its competitors. Porters Five Forces Potential Entrants High Initial Capital Outlay Loyal Customer Relationships Strong Brand Recognition International Legislations Economies of Scale Other Stakeholders Governmental Intervention Environmental Laws Labour Unions Shareholders Wealth Employee Demands Community Pressure (e.g. Terrorism Threats) Rivalry among Existing Firms Large Number of Competitors Pricing Competition Service Differentiation High Exit Barriers Mergers Acquisitions Substitutes E-mail Fax Services Customer Satisfaction Complex Unreliable Technologies Important Documents Secure Facility Suppliers Aircrafts (e.g. Boeing Airbus) Leasing Contractual Fees Logistic Vehicles Cargo Ships Manufacturers Fuel Prices Increments Airport Authorities Buyers Consumer Preferences Backward Integration (e.g. Vehicles) Service Reliability On-time Deliveries Low Switching Cost Discounts Incentives Rivalry among Existing Firms: (High) Theres a high rivalry among firms to compete in low pricing for players as the industry is very saturated. Firms globally offer similar courier services, but have to innovate and offer differentiation to provide an array of services for variety at low costs. Theres a high fixed costs because firms need to purchase vehicles, aircrafts, ships and infrastructure to facilitate its delivery operations. Therefore, theres high exit barrier as players who enter the business needs to purchase or lease fixed assets and employ workers in order to conduct their activities. Threat of New Entrants: (Low) Theres high barrier on entry to new entrants as competitors are aggressively protected of their market share. Furthermore, besides a high initial investment required, established major players have already developed multiple distribution channels. In addition, customers have already committed to their preferred firms for repetitive services due to branding and reliability. Stringent trade barriers, heightened tariffs and governmental regulations to obtaining courier licensing are difficult. Overcoming these factors takes a long time. Bargaining Power of Buyers: (High) The bargaining power of buyers is high because competitors provide undifferentiated services and large commercial firms may use courier providers to transport a massive volume of deliveries. Customers are spoilt for choices as they could conveniently compare various prices firms offer. Buyers may also choose to practice backward integration, for e.g. producing their own supply chain activities and delivery vehicles. In addition, firms offer discounts for high volume freight forwarding and which focuses on high customer retention. Threat of Substitutes: (Low) It is not possible to find a substitute for freight services to deliver packages as this is the only source. However, in terms of mail deliveries, substitution such as emailing and fax pose a threat as alternatives. While these technologies weaken revenues, they wont overwrite it entirely, as customers prefer manual deliveries for a safer medium. In addition, the complexity and substantial costs for its extensive network communication systems will not be able to replace the human element of guaranteed deliveries. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: (High) The bargaining power of vehicles, ships and aircraft manufacturers is high because courier providers require large fleet of vehicles and periodic maintenance. Manufacturers still has power to exercise their preferred choice of buyers from various industries or decide to raise their fees and prices for vehicles. Furthermore, the supplier for aircrafts affects the operating costs for the companies in terms of fuel consumption. Secondly, supplier dependency on vehicles (e.g. Ford) is vital as the organisation needs an extensive medium for an effective mode of logistics distribution. Relative Power of Other Stakeholders: (High) Environmental laws and regulations are enforced in the U.S. under the environmental protection agency (EPA) act whereby the absolute compliance of legislations regarding air pollution and waste materials must be minimised to protect its green environment. Secondly, employees who join unions add pressure to the industry whereby organisations may be prone to strikes and work stoppages because of a large workforce. In addition, shareholders have added pressure for the company to reduce its operating costs by forcing to lay off employees just to maintain its share prices. Internal Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS) Internal Factors Weight Rating Weighted Score Comments Strengths S1 Reputable Branding 0.10 4.80 0.48 Market Dominance S2 Broad Service Variety 0.05 4.50 0.23 Diversified Resources S3 Technology Expertise 0.10 4.70 0.47 E-commerce Competencies S4 Financial Growth 0.15 4.20 0.63 High Profit Margins Success S5 Merger Acquisition 0.08 4.00 0.32 Reduce Competitors Weaknesses W1 Low Employee Output 0.05 3.00 0.15 Low Productivity Revenue Per Employee W2 Domestic Market Dependency 0.12 3.50 0.42 High Reliance on U.S. Market W3 High Operating Costs 0.15 3.20 0.48 Increased in Fuel Prices Labour Costs W4 Poor Delivery Service 0.10 2.00 0.20 Slow Delivery Missing Parcels W5 High Reliance on Information Systems 0.10 2.50 0.25 Massive Database Information Processing Vulnerability Total Scores 1.00 3.63 Strengths: In 2008, the firm was listed in the top prong for the worlds most admired companies by the Reputation Institute. In terms of service variety, the firm offers customised denouements (e.g. UPS CampusShip) to enable employees across other countries to ship documents and parcels from any computer with internet access. UPS was the first company to allow delivery transactions online and provide technological tracking services. In 2008, UPS had an operating and net profit margin of 10.4% and 5.8% respectively, higher than its rivals. Lastly, UPS has made 52 acquisitions to date, and the most recent includes the acquiring of Korea Express (KEC) which accords UPS full authority of its partners operations. Weaknesses: In 2008, UPS revenue per personnel stood approximately at US$120,859.1 which was much lower than its rival FedEx at US$130,872.4. UPS is also highly dependent on the U.S. market for revenue and is susceptible to volatility of the economic and governmental unstable situations domestically. Thirdly, the rapid increase of fuel prices, (average fuel surcharge in 2008 on U.S air deliveries was 25.17% compared to 12.17% in 2007) has increased its operating costs forcing UPS to cut jobs at the same time heightening their packaging rates. UPS also needs to improve on its delivery service as it fairs below average compared to its rivals. In addition, the high reliance on its database information systems processing has made the firm susceptible to data omissions. External Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS) External Factors Weight Rating Weighted Score Comments Opportunities O1 Geographical Expansions 0.15 4.20 0.63 Booming Chinese Market O2 Joint Ventures 0.12 4.30 0.52 Oil Gas Market O3 Online Retailing 0.08 4.00 0.32 E-commerce Trends O4 Growth in Globalisation 0.10 4.50 0.45 Import Export Sectors O5 Strategic Alliances 0.12 3.50 0.42 Booming Indian Market Threats T1 Governmental Regulations 0.06 3.90 0.23 Government Intervention T2 Labour Union Pressure 0.05 4.00 0.20 Strikes Work Stoppage T3 Foreign Currency Fluctuations 0.05 3.80 0.19 International Markets T4 Volatile Oil Prices 0.15 2.30 0.35 Increased Transport Cost T5 Terrorism Natural Disasters 0.12 1.90 0.23 Operations are Disrupted Total Scores 1.00 3.54 Opportunities: UPS formed a joint venture in Dubai to tap into growth opportunities in the oil and gas industry. The firm therefore acquired Unsped Paket Servisi San ve Ticaret A.S., in 2009. UPS has also penetrated the Chinese market by opening new air hubs in Shenzhen and Shanghai to focus on the air speed cargo sectors which is expected to grow at an average of 11.2% per year till 2020. UPS has been a main facilitator for online shopping, for e.g. Nike, Amazon.com and E-bay. The emphasis of international trade in todays world economy has impacted UPS to be a leading global courier provider. UPS has also formed strategic alliance with AFL Pte Ltd, India to leverage on the Indian market. Threats: The unions would affect UPS to provide undisrupted service to its customers if the firm does not satisfy demands of their employees. The transportation, aviation, security and environmental authorities have enforced stringent governmental laws and regulations for UPS to comply in the course of their operations to ensure systematic work ethics are practiced. In addition, currency exchange rates which fluctuate seasonally will implicate the organisations revenue. Furthermore, due to the oil embargo in 2008, it has led to the increase for oil prices. Finally, due to terrorism and natural disasters, its daily flight operations would be greatly affected. Strategic Factor Analysis Summary (SFAS) Duration I N T E R M E S D H I L O A O Strategic Factors Weight Rating Weighted Score R T N Comments T E G S1 Reputable Branding 0.12 4.80 0.58 X Market Dominance S4 Financial Growth 0.10 4.20 0.42 X X Escalated Revenues W2 Domestic Market Dependency 0.07 3.50 0.25 X X High Reliance on U.S. Market W3 High Operating Costs 0.10 3.20 0.32 X X High Fuel Prices Labour Costs O1 Geographical Expansions 0.16 4.20 0.67 X X Booming Chinese Market O2 Joint Ventures 0.15 4.30 0.65 X X Oil Gas Market T4 Volatile Oil Prices 0.12 2.30 0.28 X X High Transport Costs T5 Terrorism Natural Disasters 0.18 1.90 0.34 X Operations are Disrupted Total Scores 1.00 3.51 Short Term: UPS has to ensure that they can maintain financial stability and has done this by achieving an increase of 3.6% in revenue for 2008. UPS has to address issues on achieving yearly financial growth because it affects their annual reports and share prices. Secondly, UPS needs to address high oil prices and has cut labour costs by employing more part time contract workers to manage volume capacities on an ad hoc basis. In addition, UPS recently purchased hydraulic hybrid vehicles which emphasises on fuel reduction expenses. They have also discontinued its night sorting operations in Columbia, shutting down smaller facilities and froze management salaries. Intermediate Term: UPS and its union-Independent Pilots Association (IPA) have came up with a mutual agreement on cost reduction measures totaling up to approximately $131 million over the next 3 years. Secondly, UPS was awarded a 3 year partnership contract with the U.S. Postal Service by agreeing to transport mail nationally in U.S. cities. UPS would have to undertake an environmental scanning analysis in order to embark on geographical expansions and joint ventures. Furthermore, UPS needs to address the issue on human resource planning, demand forecasting that are useful in sales planning, production planning, capacity planning, budgeting and analysing various operating plans. Long Term: UPS has to address its branding strategy to build their reputation for public awareness. Therefore, it has done this by changing its 4th logo in 2003 to a more robust and distinctive image. UPS has also been moving out of the U.S. market by geographically expanding in China, India and the Middle East. The recent failed Nigerian terrorism plane attack has led to the U.S. authorities to impose heightened stringent checks and changing security procedures. In addition, the recent Haiti earthquake has led to disruptions in services and operations. UPS needs to address these factors which implicate the financial health of the organisation. TOWS Matrix Internal Factors (IFAS) External Factors (EFAS) WT Strategies Forward integrate a training college in-house Reduce more overnight flight operations across countries Petrol bulk discounts ST Strategies Seismic monitoring efficiencies to track down potential earthquakes Divest from unpredictable fuel market Financial stability and branding to combat rivals Threats (T) T1 Governmental Regulations T2 Labour Union Pressure T3 Foreign Currency Fluctuations T4 Volatile Oil Prices T5 Terrorism and Natural Disasters Opportunities (O) O1 Geographic Expansions O2 Joint Ventures O3 Online Retailing O4 Growth in Globalisation O5 Strategic Alliances SO Strategies Diversify by tie ups with 3M Faber-Castell Telco postal concessions (e.g. Singtel) Strategic alliance with the Chinese market to boost regional branding WO Strategies Geographically expand UPS by focusing on its resources capabilities Leveraging on E-commerce growth Joint venture with Oracle Corporation Weaknesses (W) W1 Low Employee Output W2 Domestic Market Dependency W3 High Operating Costs W4 Poor Delivery Service W5 High Reliance on Information Systems Strengths (S) S1 Reputable Branding S2 Broad Service Variety S3 Technology Expertise S4 Financial Growth S5 Merger Acquisition SO Strategies: UPS could diversify its resources and collaborate with reputable stationary companies like 3M and Faber-Castell to manufacture stationary that would embody the UPS brand. The firm could also move into a joint venture to offer postal concessions to Singtel and attain guaranteed high volume businesses in a long-termed contract. In addition, UPS could penetrate deeper into the Chinese market, by a strategic alliance with Air China Cargo Co., Limited to share valuable resources and boost its regional standing. Finally, they should advertise aggressively by sponsoring more global events to gain a higher level of presence recognition especially from the Asian market. ST Strategies: UPS could work closely with the seismic monitoring governmental department agency (USGS) for vigilant signals and warnings for earthquakes. The firm could also divest more from the fuel segment and use solar energy panels instilled into vehicles during the day to reduce fuel prices. In addition, they could invest extensively in research and development to enhance fuel efficiency alternatives for its current fleet of vehicles. Finally, the firm could utlise its reputable branding to propose to EPA in implementing harsher fines to new competitors that does not comply environmental legislations. WO Strategies: UPS could add more and deeper distribution channels into several regions to cement its efficient operations. It could also utilise its telematics expertise on other countries, to leverage on its core competencies. In addition, collaborate with Amazon.com and E-bay to acquire delivery orders on a long-termed basis. Oracle and UPS could have a joint venture to provide database management systems solutions towards its supple chain management operations. At the same time, UPS could be designated as the sole distributor for Oracles packaging and hardware components delivery interdependently. WT Strategies: UPS could invest by forward integrating a training arm subsidiary to offer aeronautical, logistics, supply chain and automotive courses to groom outstanding performing employees by bonding them and fully sponsoring their educational fees to encourage them to stay in the organisation for a long-termed basis. This would avoid labour issues, improve customer service and reduce hiring costs. UPS could also reduce significantly its overnight flights in different countries to reduce expenditure. Lastly, the firm could source for a wider range of suppliers internationally to achieve greater fuel bulk discounts. Assessment of Performance of Company Efficiency: Chinas export business has commercially grown by 10% in the export business. Shanghais air cargo hub operates at a 24/7 customs inspection capacity to deliver services from China connecting into international markets like U.S. and Europe faster. UPS also collaborated with the Shanghai customs to implement a risk management system to allow lower level of redundant packaging checks and an efficient clearance to recipients. DHL outsourcing would be an advantage for UPS as this move reduces competitors. Furthermore, UPS has an extensive excess flight capacity to accommodate more package volume to achieve a higher capacity utilisation level. Effectiveness: With the growth of e-commerce and export initiatives from the booming Chinese market, UPSs new air hub expansion in Shanghai would facilitate the Yangtze River Delta area international trade revenue driver as it contributes approximately 40% of total countrys business

Equine Nutrition :: Biology Anatomy Horse Essays

The digestive system of the horse consists of a simple stomach, small intestines, cecum, large and small colons, rectum and anus. The horse’s stomach is comparatively small for its size. The stomach of an average horse has a holding capacity of about two gallons. This may be the reason horses eat small but frequent meals. From the stomach food moves to the small intestine, which is the main site of digestion. The small intestine empties into the cecum. The cecum; along with the large colon; make up the large intestine. Digestion in the large intestine occurs by action of bacteria and protozoa. (arg.gov.sk.ca) The energy content found in feeds and how it is measured in Kilocalories (kcal). (arg.gov.sk.ca) which is also the measure used for calories in human consumption. Equine energy intake is measured in megacalories (Mcal) which are equal to 1000 calories. (arg.gov.sk.ca) The total energy in feed is called gross energy. The amount of the feed's gross energy that is used by the horse is called Digestible Energy or DE. Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) is also a measure of feed content energy, it is reported in percentages and converts between calories and weight. (arg.gov.sk.ca) Carbohydrates supply 80-90% of dietary energy. Sugars, starch, cellulose and related substances are carbohydrates. Starch is more easily digested than cellulose. Grains are easy to digest as they are 60-80% starch. (arg.gov.sk.ca) A recent study conducted by Sharon R. Bullimore et. all. investigated the result of supplementing the diet of endurance horses with fructose rather than glucose. They â€Å"conclude that fructose is well-absorbed by horses and rapidly converted to glucose.† An assessment of adequate energy intake can be established by evaluating body condition. Deficient diets result in weight loss in the horse. Alternate causes of weight loss are internal parasites and disease. Excess energy intake wall cause obisity which stresses joints and reduces athletic ability. (arg.gov.sk.ca) A horse in moderate physical condition is described as â€Å"Back level. Ribs cannot be visually distinguished but can be easily felt. Fat around tailhead beginning to feel spongy. Withers appear rounded over spinous processes. Shoulders and neck blend smoothly into body.† (Henneke et al., 1981) Protein is necessary in a horse’s diet as they can not produce the amino acid lysine and must be supply it in their feed. The horse’s protein requirements vary depending on age and function. Young horses needing more as they are still developing tissues made of protein.

The War of 1812 Could Have Been Avoided

Konrad Bradbury 8/20/13 History The war of 1812 The war of 1812, a war that some people tend to referto as the second revolutionary war. But could it have been avoided? Well yes it most certainly could have been avoided, but then again couldnt most wars have been avoided? Though some people do not have the same reasoning. Other think that the war of 1812 was unavoidable, that it was â€Å"destined† to happen. Well what reasons do they have to think that? Though what reason do i have to think what i do? Well i will tell you.One reason that i think that the whole war could have just been avoided is because the british completely disragarded the maritime acts of the united states. After a country that was a hundred times smaller than you just beat you you are going to go ahead and act completely oblivious to that ssame countries rules? Sounds very angering to the people that just got away from you right? Right, the americans did not take this lightly. But that couldnt be the only reason that this whole war could have been avoided could it? No.The british might as well of just went up to the president of the united states and told him too screw off. They seemed to not care at all what they did to the americans. Another thing that they did was that they were interfering with all of the trade of the united states. Though even worse they were intercepting american ships and illegally improsining the american seamen. This as you can imagine would greatly anger the united states. The president at the time Madison demanded that britain revoke the oder in the council that declared american commercial vessels subject to interception and seizure.Britian ingnored this demand. Which angered the U. S. even more and congress declared war. After about a week of the declartation britain removed the provocative order and so there was no longer reason for a war to arise. There are some people including me that think that if there was better communication between europe and t he united states and north america then the war could have been avoided entirely. Some people like to call the war of 1812 the second revolutionary war. But how could this be if the united states of american was already free of briatin.Well some people think that this is the second revolutionary war because they think that the americans were pretty much showing once again that they were there own country witht their own rules and their own trading. Which in that sense does kind of make it the second revolutionary war for america. Another reason that the war of 1812 is a second revolutionary war is because of what happened in the war. The britsish came and completely burned Washington D. C. down to the ground. This is actually where our star spangled banner came from.Which personally i think is one of the best reasons to say that it was the second revolutionary war. So in all technicality this was the second revolutionary war because we were fighting from the british so that we were able to have a rights as a free country. Why not say thats what it is? Because that is exacty what it was. After all the reasearch that was done to be able to write this paper i do and will always strongly believe that the war of 1812 most certainly could have been avoided entirely.

Red Bull Energy Drink Essay

* Red Bull can be called as a pioneer in the energy drink category worldwide. In India too, Red Bull was the brand that created the energy drink category. * The brand came into existence in 1984. * The brand came to India in 2003. Although the brand has been keeping a low profile compared to the Cola majors , Red Bull has created a category of energy drinks in the Indian market. 4. Contd. * According to Economic Times ( 30. 05. 08) the energy drink market in India is estimated to be around 100 crores. * The market now has two main players Red Bull and Power Horse. * RB has an assessed market share of 29% of the global market of energy Drinks. * In the U. S. , Red Bull enjoys a 47% share of the energy drink market, and now has a 50% share of the German energy drink market. 5. SWOT Analysis * Market leadership- Within the energy drinks market Red Bull is the industry leader throughout the world. Marketing Efforts- a lot of promotions and well targeted campaigns and sponsorship e. g. formula 1 helps to expand Red bull brand and increase consumer brand awareness. * Strong , fresh & fashionable brand identity. * Strengths 6. Weaknesses * Above-average prices. * Lack of innovation- there are a lot of competitors in the market and they have their own USP which leaves Red Bull behind. * Reliant on small product base- The company only markets one branded product, Red Bull Energy Drink (along with a sugar free variety). * Inexperience: is only 6 years old in India. * Lack of patent on RB ‘s recipe means anyone can copy it. 7. Opportunities * Extension of product line- this will help to retain market share. * Hardcore Advertising and Promotions. * Consumer recognition through sponsorship of sports events. * New ventures like partnership with Facebook. 8. Threats * Health concerns- tougher rules from government on high caffeine content. * Consumer awareness of health and well being- people may start to drink other alternatives as it is associated with healthier life style. * Drinks might not be accepted in the new markets. * Organic energy drinks might steal RB’s market share. 9. Promotion Opportunity Analysis * Competitive Analysis * Opportunity Analysis * Target Market Analysis * Customer Analysis * Market Segmentation Strategy 10. Competitive Analysis 11. Share of Energy Drink Market Red Bull 42. 6 Monster 14. 4 Rockstar 11. 4 Full Throttle 6. 9 Sobe No Fear 5. 4 Amp 3. 6 Sobe Adrenaline Rush 2. 9 Tab Energy 2. 3 Monster XXL 0. 9 Private Label 0. 9 Rip It 0. 8 Sobe Lean 0. 7 BooKoo 0. 5 Sobe Superman 0. 4 Von Dutch 0. 4 12. Real Competition * Redbull’s real competitors are the market leaders of cola companies such as : Pepsi & Coca Cola, who have created their brand leadership since several years in the Indian market. 13. Opportunity Analysis * RB has a niche market & is yet to percolate in the mass market. 14. Target Market Analysis * Core target market segments for RB consists of the core age group of 15 to 60. * Energy drinks with high sugar levels are more popular among children and women, while energy drinks with strong taste and flavor are more preferred by male consumers. * Recent studies also indicated that 65% of the energy drinks market consists of male consumers. 15. Customer Analysis * Young people are especially open to determined exhaustion and insufficient energy. * More specifically male teenagers & people in their 20s, are also most likely to believe in the authenticity of the energy drinks’. * As a result, the majority of energy drinks are developed for and advertised to this younger generation. * Appeal to very specialized groups, such as gamers, extreme sports enthusiasts, and the hip-hop crowd. 16. Target Consumer Demographics Psychographics Usage Behavior Consumption collection Age: 15- 60 Content Image Conscious Influenced Spending Power Youth trends Physically Active Eat Out 25% of Indians 17. Market Segmentation Strategy * RedBull avoided usual methods of marketing, relying more on what is called ‘buzz marketing’ or word-of-mouth. * Red Bull advertised directly to Generation Y , the so-called ‘millennial’: people born after 1981. * ‘ Student brand managers’ who would be used to promote Red Bull on university campuses. These students would be encouraged to throw parties at which cases of Red Bull would be distributed. 18. Corporate Strategies * Mission Statement * Our mission is to be the premier marketer and supplier of * RedBull in Asia, Europe and other parts of the globe. We will * achieve this mission by building long-term relationships with the * people who can make it become a reality. * Vision Statement: * People: Be a great place to work where people are inspired to be the best they can be. * Portfolio: Bring to the world a portfolio of quality beverage that anticipate and satisfy people’s desires and needs. * Partners: Nurture a winning network of customers and suppliers, together we create mutual, enduring value. * Profit: Maximize long-term return to shareowners while being mindful of our overall responsibilities. * Productivity: Be a highly effective, lean and fast-moving organization. 19. Brand Development Strategy * Great Strategy Begins with Great Research. * Once the brand’s core values have been identified, the road towards effective brand proposition development begins. * Development of the brand statement- commencing a Brand development strategy. 20. 21. Brand Positioning Strategy * Clear, Engaging, Unique, & Relevant to the target audience. * Able to incorporate an element of positive emotional attachment that is better than just "good†. * Echoed within business, internally and externally. * Consistent across multiple marketing & advertising mediums (print, online presence, etc). * Continually toughened within the organization so that employees consistently deliver what is promised. * Able to adapt to a changing marketplace. 22. Distribution Strategy. * Intensive distribution aims to provide saturation coverage of the market by using all available outlets such as: * Super markets, * Gyms, * Coffee Houses: Subway, Barista, Costa Coffee, Cafe Coffee Day * In n Out Convenience Stores. * Pizza Outlets. * Media Relations * Use Technology * Monitor the Web * Create Public Awareness 23. Integrated Marketing Communications Management * Sales Promotion: * Must encourage the 1 st purchase of the product in a store. * Make them aware of the product & its advantages. 24. IMC Objectives * RedBull’s IMC objective is: Sales Promotions. * Create new target markets. * Large display in the Departmental stores. * Bull Hoof stickers on the floors of departmental stores promoting RB. 25. IMC Budget 26. Internet Web site * Promotions through social networking sites such as: facebook, twitter, Hi5. * Also, Ad promos on websites such as NDTV, zoom India. 27. Media * Ad Campaigns on Prime TV channels such as NDTV good times, MTV, Channel V, Zoom, VH1, Star World & a few more. 28. Budget * Magazine: * Femina, People, Rolling Stones. * 15k per page * 12 mnths- 180,000 * Newspapers: * HT City & Delhi Times. * 1lac per page * 4 weeks * 12 mnths- 4800000 * Radio: * 10k per mnth * 12 – 120000 * TV: * 5 lacs * 4 weeks * 12 – 2400000 * Total Expense: 31,80,000 29. 30. Integrated Marketing Communication Methodologies * How do we communicate? How do customers process information? * There are many models & theories. * Thorough understanding of the audience’s needs, emotions & * activities is essential to ensure accuracy & relevance of the * message. 31. Advertising * What target market do you want to reach? * What image do you want to portray? * What product or service do you want to emphasize? * How much money can you spend? * When is the right time to advertise? * Red Bull has an aggressive marketing campaign. * Red Bull uses all the available media channels, meaning cinema, TV, radio, press and the internet. * In other words the company focuses on the media through which it reaches its primary target market-young people. * RB allows the consumers to interpret the product & the moments of use themselves. * Red Bull achieves this by a humorous and witty cartoon campaign, transferring the message that this energy drink helps you to escape by `giving you wings ?. 32. Consumer Promotions * Red Bull sponsors the motorsports or fun sports, but always where Red Bull is needed. * Red Bull does event sponsoring. * Event sponsoring attracts people’s attention towards the product and connects them. 33. Personal Selling * Sampling is another very important part of the three pillar marketing system. * As the major purpose of Red Bull is to energize the company samples at the right place at the right time, where it finds its exact target market. * Examples of usage are driving, studying, working night shifts and sports. 34. 35. Media Plan * TV: * Still a staple medium of advertising. * Allows to demonstrate the advantages of RB. * Good Reach. * Magazines: * Economical. * Provides higher brand awareness. 36. Evaluation & Control Metrics Campaign Element Metrics News Media No. of viewers of the articles Social Media No. of people using the Blogs such as Twitter, Facebook Internet & TV No. of people viewing particularly when the Ad is being aired. Print Advertisement No. Of Subscribers of those magazines, Newspapers Product Placement No.of comments (+ or – ) mentioned on social networking sites. 37. Timelines IMC/ Month Oct 09 Nov 09 Dec 09 Jan 10 Feb 10 Mar 10 Apr 10 May 10 RedBull on the Web Print Media Blogs Radio & TV Other Misc. * DARE TO BE DISCOVERED!!! 38. 39. Sources * http://www. rediff. com/money/2006/may/24drink. htm * http://www. thestudentroom. co. uk/showthread. php? t=986602 * http://www. trcb. com/business/marketing/redbull-marketing-strategy-7375. htm * http://www. drawert. com/red_bull_2. php http://energydrinks. factexpert. com/882-energy-drink-industry. php.

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Nineteen Eighty Nineteen Eighty-four and a. George Orwell Essay A. George Orwell – 1984 B. Oceana – 20th Century C. 1980’s – Airstrip One The main theme is what life is like in a totalitarianism society. This type of society makes it so that there is no freedom for anybody. The people are under control of the government twenty-four hours a day seven days a week. The â€Å"telescreens† are the perfect way to explain what this society is like. The telescreen is a flat screen that is put in every room, every building so that the government and Big Brother can watch every move someone make. One other major example in this book is the thought police. If you are caught committing a thought crime, the thought police will vaporize you, in other words you will be murdered. That is something that contributes to not having any sort of freedom in this type of society. There are multiple dominant tones in this particular story. The ones that stand out the most are frightening and depressing. On page 102, third paragraph in the first line is where the depressing aspect comes into view. â€Å"It was night that they come for you. Always at night. The proper thing was to kill yourself before they got you† Suicide was there only option before they got murdered, which is rather sad. On page eighty four, paragraph two in the fourth sentence is where the frightening aspect comes into play. â€Å"When he got up to it he saw that it was a human hand severed at the wrist. Apart from the bloody stump, the hand was so completely whitened as to resemble a plaster

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Marketin Strategy In E-Commerce Essays - Management, Free Essays Marketin Strategy In E-Commerce Marketing Strategy and E-Commerce Introduction With the rapidly advancing technologies that are occurring in modern business, organisations are required to be ready, and able to adapt within their ever-changing environment. It is true across all diverse industries that in order to stay competitive, organisations must be able to utilise the various tools that technology has to offer. Technological factors have been of growing importance, particularly in recent years. A major factor involved in these technology issues is the use of the Internet as a major issue to modern organisations. The Internet has been rapidly growing since it's inception and is now commonly used in all sectors of societies, in all corners of the globe. The Internet has quickly become one of the most valuable assets in modern technology, and as such, is developing as an integral part of modern commerce. As with past technologies, the Internet will have future technological advances develop from its own growth. The task the organisations of in the new century? Realise future opportunities and threats, and base a strategy accordingly. Is it clich to say that 'the Internet changes everything': the challenge now is to say what, how and how quickly. (When Companies Connect, 1999, p.19) The Internet has lead to the birth and evolution of electronic commerce or E-commerce. E-commerce has now become a key component of many organisations in the daily running of their business. Simply defined, electronic commerce is a system of online shopping and information retrieval accessed through networks of personal computers. (Reedy, J. Schullo, S. Zimmerman, K. 2000, pg. 29) E-commerce challenges traditional organisational practices, and opens ups a vast array of issues that the organisations must address. By focusing on the varying levels of an organisation, it soon become apparent the effects that E-commerce can have. An understanding of the implication E-commerce has on such organisational divisions can help businesses gain understanding h ence plan for it's inevitable continuing evolution. In terms of marketing, the modern organisation must be critically aware of the development of E-commerce, and the implications that it entails. Marketers develop their own recipe of promotional tactics to fit the product lines or industries in which they compete. Now electronic communications tools are and will continue to be an important ingredient in the promotional mix (Reedy, J. Schullo, S. Zimmerman, K. 2000, pg. 29) In assessing the implications of E-commerce in terms of marketing, it is important to understand its impact in respect to marketing strategy formulation. As the Internet, and in turn E-commerce has developed, and continues to evolve and grow, it is vital that any organisation, in any particular industry, must base it's strategic planning around such a rapidly growing medium. The growth of the Internet is an environmental influence that must be embraced and understood so to successfully plan for future marketing implementation. In order to successful realise the impact that E-commerce has in terms of marketing, it is important to break the area of interest into some key areas. As most of the issues that arise in terms of E-commerce represent organisations entering the environment, it seems natural to base discussion around this. Therefore, the bulk of the literature review relates existin g organisations entering into the E-commerce market environment. In successfully identifying the relationship between E-commerce and strategy, the issues are categorised as follows: 1. Strategic analysis Understanding the environment 2. Identifying the strategic options/SWOT analysis Strategic Advantages/Disadvantages Advertising Electronic cost cutting/publishing/Process 3. Corporate level, Business level, d Marketing level 4. Retailing in E-commerce Implementation Issues Financial Performance monitoring 5. Conclusion Based on current knowledge state To gain a clearer understanding of the implication of E-Commerce in the formulation of marketing strategy, it is imperative to gain a clear understanding of the environment and it's relevant effects. This helps in understanding the rationale in a developing marketing strategy, particularly the influences of E-Commerce on its make-up. The next crucial element is to gain an understanding of E-commerce itself, as well as the current and p ossible future developments. In understanding E-commerce's impact on strategic foundations, an organisation's strategies can be more clearly focused. Once the organisation and E-commerce's respective environments are clear it is then possible to understand E-commerce's implications in regards to

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Dissertation article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dissertation article - Essay Example Quality: The topic chosen in the paper is quite interesting. Studying security threats has always interested to the masses especially after the internet boom in the early 1990s. Protection of personal valuable data is one of the majors reasons for the developing interest in cyber security. Regarding research into earlier work the paper hasn’t identified a lot of previous works by different researchers especially considering the fact that there is so much literature present regarding computer security, vulnerability and cyber threats (Lowe & Byres, 2004). However the lack of literature can be explained due to the fact that VoIP has only recently gained popularity. In order to obtain maximum information regarding the threats the authors of the paper have conducted vast researches using various books and secondary sources. The paper also uses various case studies of companies that provide security to organizations and personal users using VoIP. The facts stated in the paper are c orrect and provide an excellent detail of all the threats that is faced by every organization and user making use of VoIP technology. The authors have also been able to identify and discussed all measures that can be taken against these threats. For future studies the authors of the paper have summarized required efforts into two categories. The first factor that the authors recommend is focusing on the improving the security structure of VoIP services. The second factor that the author points out is the need to set proper standards regarding the security of VoIP systems. Structure of the paper: The paper was very well structured in terms of headings. The paper started with the abstract where the author explains briefly the purpose of the paper and an overview of what VoIP is. The next section covers the introduction of VoIP technology in detail and provides details of its working. The main body of the article has been divided into two sections. The first section provides a brief in troduction of what security is and why is it important to VoIP. After introduction to security the first section then deals with discussing what the potential threats there are to the VoIP system. The second section then deals with recommendations made by the authors on how to prevent these attacks. The third section of the paper states the conclusion drawn by the authors from their research paper. Conclusion is one of the most vital parts of the research paper. The conclusion sums up all the work of the paper and sheds a light on whether or not the research question was answered (Wallwork, 2011). The last part of the paper covers the reference list and works cited by authors. The paper was written in simple English and could easily be understood by various readers who have slight knowledge regarding the field of computer science. The flow of the paper was also quite nice different parts of the paper were related to each other. As for the length of the paper the paper was of ten pag es which is regarded by many as the average length of research papers (Bing, 1988). Conclusion: The analysis of the paper brought three main factors about the paper into light. For the first factor is that is compared to the literature available on the subject, the authors have not provided enough support to their claims in the paper. Adding more references in a paper increases the credibility of

Susan Glaspells Trifles Essay Example for Free

Susan Glaspells Trifles Essay Susan Glaspell’s play, Trifles, explores the fact that women pay attention to the little things that may lead to the solution of a bigger problem. Why do women pay attention to the little things? Could it be because the attention to detail is the starting point to solving the bigger problem? Let’s think of the ‘little things’ like pieces of a puzzle. When all the little pieces are put together, they usually form a picture; therefore you see the whole picture. In this play, the men think it’s just like women to worry about the little details that they see throughout the house, they think it’s ‘trifle’. What they don’t seem to realize is that by the women paying attention to the little things, they are actually solving the murder of Mr. Wright. The first little detail is the fruit preserves when Mrs. Peters said to Mrs. Hale â€Å"She worried about that when it turned so cold. She said the fire’d go out and her jars would break.† That’s when the Sheriff replied â€Å"Well, can you beat the women! Held for murder and worryin’ about her preserves.† (Glaspell, 2010, lines 27-29, p 143). If Mrs. Wright hadn’t been preoccupied, she could have started a fire to keep the preserves from freezing. Why was Mrs. Wright preoccupied? This is probably when the two women thought that perhaps the Wrights were having an argument or maybe even something worse was happening. Another little detail is the fact that Mrs. Wright didn’t wake up while her husband was being strangled to death. Unless Mr. Mrs. Wright slept in separate beds she should have felt him struggling while the noose was being put around his neck or heard him gasping for air. It also seemed strange that there was a gun in the house and it wasn’t used. Why strangle him? Why not use the gun? According to an essay on Susan Glaspell’s Trifles, the author noted â€Å"The strangling of Mr. Wright, which perplexes all when a gun was handy, is reminiscent of the strangling of that bird.† (Susan Glaspell) Another little detail the women notice was the empty birdcage that was stuffed in the cupboard with no bird in it. Mrs. Hale asked if the Wrights had a cat, to which Mrs. Peters replied, â€Å"No, she didn’t have a cat. She’s got that feeling some people have about cats—being afraid of them.† (Glaspell, 2010, line 84, p 146). Then they notice the broken door hinge and Mrs. Hale thought it looked like someone was rough with it and being rough with the cage was perhaps a sign of anger. An example of anger and hostility was when Mrs. Hale described what it was like to be around Mr. Wright. But he was a hard man, Mrs. Peters. Just to pass the time of day with himlike a raw wind that gets to the bone.† (Glaspell, 2010, line 97, p 146). Mrs. Hale then went on to explain how Mrs. Wright was like a bird. â€Å"—real sweet and pretty, but kind of timid and—fluttery. How—she—did—change.† (Glaspell, 2010, line 101, p 146). The Mrs. Wright that is described here is different from the character we know in the play. The women we know in the play seemed to be a cold and angry woman. She didn’t have children and the only company she had was a bird. Mrs. Hale suggested to Mrs. Peters that she bring the quilt to Mrs. Wright in the jail. While they look for scissors and more patchwork to take with them, Mrs. Hale finds the dead bird wrapped up in a little box to which she exclaims â€Å"But, Mrs. Peters—look at it. Its neck! Look at its neck! It’s all—to the other side.† and Mrs. Peters says, â€Å"Somebody—wrung—its neck.† (Glaspell, lines 107-108, p 146). This is when the two women realize Mrs. Wright killed her husband, but neither of them wants to break the alliance they made and turn her in. Mrs. Wright was living her life as if she was already living in jail. That kind of life is such a lonely and isolated one. A person would do just about anything to escape that emotional and physical prison. Because these women took notice of all the â€Å"little things†, they were able to put the puzzle together, piece by piece. They were able to feel the loneliness and pain of Mrs. Wright. They were able to see the whole picture and solve the case. Because the men were only interested in physical evidence they were not able to see the little things that the women did. They were not able to come to any conclusions as to what happened and why. Instead, they made fun of and belittled Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters for worrying about the little things. References: Glasspell, S. (2011), Trifles, in D.L. Pike and A.M. Acosta’s (Eds.) Literature: a world of writing poems, plays and essays. Retrieved from VitalSource eBook for Education Management Cooperation Susan Glaspell’s Trifles – Little Things Mean a Lot, 123HelpMe.com. Retrieved fromwww.123HelpMe.Com/view.asp?id=8589 on October 21, 2010

Religion Essays Cesar Chavez and His Movement

Religion Essays Cesar Chavez and His Movement Cesar Chavez and His Movement: The Religious Perspective Introduction At first, I didn’t know much about Cesar Chavez and his cause to help farmers. As I started reading several of his speeches, I discovered a common ground. During most of his speeches and strikes, Cesar frequently made references to the teachings of the Catholic Church. My research relates to why Chavez promoted his Catholic faith in his speeches, and what type of impact did it have on the migrant farm workers and the Catholic Church. Cesar Chavez and His Motivation for Justice Cesar Chavez was born on March 31, 1927, in Yuma Arizona. His family lived in a small farm that was granted down to the family by his grandfather.1 Trying to survive the Great Depression, the family had to migrate because they were unable to pay their property taxes. â€Å"The loss of land planted the seed of rebelliousness that would one day grow into Cesar Chavez’s willingness to protest against injustice to farm workers.†2 However, the main resentment occurred during school. Born speaking the Spanish language, the school reminded him he was an outsider: In class one of my biggest problems was the language. Of course, we bitterly resented not being able to speak Spanish, but they insisted that we had to learn English. They said that if we were American, then Villarreal 2 we should speak the language, and if we wanted to speak Spanish, we should go back to Mexico. When we spoke Spanish, the teacher swooped down on us. I remember the ruler whistling through the air as its edge came down sharply across my knuckles. It really hurt. Even out in the playground, speaking Spanish brought punishment.3 This type of treatment was the typical to Mexican-American immigrants and migrants. From a personal standpoint, my grandmother would tell me similar stories of how she was ridiculed by the teachers and the students when she emigrated from Mexico to the United States during the 1930s. Like Cesar Chavez, my grandmother never received a formal education. Her large family couldn’t afford sending everyone to school. There wasn’t enough money, and she was forced to drop out of school in order to help maintain the house along with her sisters while her brothers were out working in the cotton fields. This form of â€Å"Americanization† to speak English was forced upon many foreigners. For Chavez, however, this treatment didn’t just stay in the schools; it followed him everywhere he went as he remembers being forced to sit in segregated sections in movie theaters and being denied service in restaurants.4 All these experiences, from racial discrimination Villarreal 3 to the harsh migrant life, would later be the planting seeds to build a union dedicated to eliminating those injustices. The American Catholic Church was not too optimistic about Mexican-Americans either. The Catholic Church and the culture of Mexican Americans are very different. In Jay Dolan’s book, Mexican Americans and the Catholic Church: 1900-1965, â€Å"Hispanics bring to the Catholic Church spiritual and communal traditions which are very different from those of other Catholics whose origins lie in Anglo-Saxon and Eastern European cultures. The challenges presented to the United States Church by the large numbers of Hispanics will be formidable.†5 Mexican Americans has been criticized for their â€Å"faith expressions† that did not always reflect official American Catholic Church teachings and regulations.6 However, this was not the case with the entire Catholic Church. When Chavez moved to San Jose, California in 1952, he met a Roman Catholic priest who would dramatically impact his life.7 Father Donald McDonnell became acquainted with Chavez, and later began teaching Chavez about social justice and labor movements among farm workers. McDonnell introduced encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII that outlined the church’s support for workers who protests against injustices. These new ideas shared with Chavez sparked the development of his own personal Villarreal 4 philosophy that would inspire him to develop his own crusade to help farm workers.8 The Philosophy behind Cesar Chavez Chavez’s intellectual and moral basis for organizing farm workers came from not only from Father McDonnell but from studying a variety of subjects who were great leaders in history. However, he was particularly influenced by Mohandas Gandhi. It was through Gandhi that Chavez was inspired to introduce his own philosophy of nonviolence.9 After gaining vital experience from working as an organizer for the Community Service Organization (CSO), Chavez decided to move to Delano, California in 1962 to start his own union devoted to farm workers. His first step in organizing was to learn the physical makeup of Delano and get acquainted with the farmers. Then, he mapped out towns between Arvin and Stockton and visited each one of them over the course of six months. When he saw workers in the fields, he approached them to see if they were interested in joining a union. In 1962, Chavez convinced enough farmers to form a union known as the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA). The group would change its name several times, finally settling on the United Farm Workers (UFW).10 However, it was not an easy task forming an organization. In 1965, he delivered a speech at a meeting of the California Students Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in Fresno talking about how difficult it was to establish the NFWA. He spoke about the importance of the number of people in the union and the importance of outside help.11 Chavez found it useful to promote his newly established union to a nonviolent committee such as the SNCC to prove to the nation that this farmers union was a nonviolent one. However, nonviolence tactics did not attract all the support he needed, especially when the opposition resulted in violence. In 1966, two thousand Filipino farmers of the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) protested over receiving lower salaries than braceros. Braceros are temporary workers from Mexico that are recruited by the grower industries. Larry Itiong, the head of the AWOC asked Chavez and the UFW to strike against grape growers. Chavez agreed to strike but the moment they began to hit the picket lines, the growers fired guns at the strikers. Chavez recalled: â€Å"in a period of seven days we had fourteen incidents where they actually fired a gun at the strikers.† 12 Chavez quickly realized the importance of outside help after the grape strike. Chavez thought that the strike would be only against the growers but he was wrong. He later recalled: Within twenty-four hours from the movement that we had hit the picket lines, the City Council had passed a resolution condemning the Red ties. The High School Board and the Elementary School Board had done the same thing. And the Chamber of Commerce did it also with the exception that their statement was a lot more wordy. And three days later when everything seemed to be against us the Church had not yet acted†¦At that point we were cut off completely. We had no friends in Delano except for the workers. We had no money†¦Things looked very bad for us.13 Using Religion Chavez knew that if he wanted to rebound from this negativity, he would need support from the Catholic Church. Since most of his UFW was composed of Mexican Catholics, the blessings of the Church would legitimize the union and unite their followers.14 However, the Catholic Church was not really helping his cause at first, but he was getting help from the California Migrant Ministry (CMM). At first Cesar was suspicious of the CMM because they were Protestant, but he later admired them for their help and condemned the Catholic Church for not helping his cause for justice. In his speech â€Å"The Mexican American and the Church,† he thanks the entirety of the Church, not the Catholic Church, for the help with the Delano grape strike. At about that same time, we began to run into the California Migrant Ministry in the camps and field. They were about the only ones there, and a lot of us were very suspicious, since we were Catholics and they were Protestants. However, they had developed a very clear conception of the Church. It was called to serve, to be at the mercy of the poor, and not to try to use them. After a while this made a lot of sense to us, and we began to find ourselves working side by side with them. In fact, it forced us to raise the question why our Church was not doing the same.15 It became obvious that the Protestant groups were deeply involved with Chavez and his cause. Chavez and the farm workers wanted the church to walk with them in their struggle for justice. Chavez wanted the Catholic Church to serve the farmers because their cause for justice was legitimate: What do we want the Church to do? We don’t ask for more cathedrals. We don’t ask for bigger churches or fine gifts. We ask for its presence with us, beside us, as Christ among us. We ask the Church to sacrifice with the people for social change, for justice, and for love of brother. We don’t’ ask for words. We ask for deeds. We don’t ask for paternalism. We ask for servanthood.16 This was a good strategy for Chavez since it placed the Catholic Church in a position that if they don’t help the farmers, the Church would risk getting criticized for helping the oppressors of the farmers. He finally got the help he was looking for. In 1966, Chavez planned to enter the DiGiorgio grape property in order to retrieve personal belongings left at the camp by the farmers. Chavez â€Å"wanted to have either Father Victor Salandini, a Catholic priest, or Chris Hartmire [an ordained minister] go into the camp as witnesses.†17 However, the priests were promptly arrested when they entered the property, but were later released. The result of the priests being arrested sparked a unity between the Catholic Church and the Mexican American cause to stop injustices. In 1968, the U.S. Catholic bishops addressed the need for the Catholic Church to assist in reconciliation between the growers and the farmers. â€Å"In addition, the bishops recognized the legitimacy of the workers’ demand for legislative protection for their right to organize for the purpose of collective-bargaining contracts†¦Finally, the U.S. bishops Villarreal 9 affirmed the moral teaching of the church with regard to the right of workers to organize and strike.†18 Chavez reaching out to the Catholic Church and the Catholic Church responding, portrayed to the nation that the farmer’s cause was a religious and moral movement to end injustice. The religious imagery, in turn, united the farmers and it’s followers. Conclusion Cesar Chavez and his religious perspective helped unite people to fight for the farmers. By being acquainted with the writings of Pope Leo XIII, Chavez understood the impact religion can have when fighting for injustices. The Catholic Church preaches good morals and ethics, so Chavez was able to relate his cause to the teachings of the Church. The religious ties brought respect to the organization especially among Hispanics. The majority of Hispanics are very religious people. I know this because I’ve lived in a Hispanic environment all my life. My mother and father are Hispanics and religious faith plays a big role in our lives. In fact, I’ve seen a lot of Hispanics go to the extreme of tattooing the crucifix or the Virgin Mary on their bodies to show their religious faith to the public. It’s the homespun religion we obtain from our elders that keeps the Mexican-American and Catholicism united. Chavez knew the relationships between Mexican Catholics and the Church, so he successfully united his followers by using religious imagery. Dalton, Frederick John. The Moral Vision of Cesar E. Chavez. New York: Orbis Books, 2003. Dolan, Jay. Mexican Americans and the Catholic Church. University of Notre Dame Press, 1994. Hammerback, John C., and Richard J. Jensen. The Rhetorical Career of Cesar Chavez. College Station: Texas AM Press, 1998. Ingram, Catherine. â€Å"Cesar Chavez.† In In the Footsteps of Gandhi: Conversations with Spiritual Social Activists, 98-121. Berkeley, Calif.: Parallaz Press, 1990. Levy, Jacques E. Cesar Chavez: Autobiography of La Causa. New York: W.W. Norton Company, 1975. Meister, Dick, and Anne Loftis. A long Time Coming: The Struggle to Unionize America’s Farm Workers. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1977. Mosqueda, Lawrence J. Chicanos, Catholicism and Political Ideology. Lanham, MD.: University of Press of America, 1996.

the count of mountie cristo :: essays research papers

The Count of Monte Cristo I want to begin by introducing you to this great book written by Alexandre Dumas. This novel was published by the Penguin Group in 2001. It was a story full of love, adventure and betrayal. It began as a sweet romance . Then a third party began to reveal his perverse intentions to feed off of the innocent . It was a envy , jealous, and deceit. After the sad and unfortunate body of this suspenseful thriller there was a twist in the story. A great success for our Edmond and his only true love . The main character Edmond Dantes wore many hats in this epic piece. He was a sailor ,a lover ,a friend ,a captain, and a prisoner. After the tragic death of the captain he is honored and promoted to being the new captain . When they return he is regretfully convicted of treason and put into prison for 13 years .He copes with having it all then losing it all by way of the betrayal of a close friend and fellow sailor. .His faith brings him through this troubled storm into a glorious rainbow of blessing that ends this novel with a warm feeling of justice . Edmond Dantes left his beautiful girlfriend Mercedes to board a cargo ship with his trusted and treasured friend . While they are in the foreign island of Elba as the captain was dieing he agreed to deliver a letter for Napoleon , which later finds its way back to haunt him. Due to the fact that his friend was jealous of his new position and beautiful wife and began to sabotage his career . He is convicted of treason when it is brought to the attention of Frances government that he had been collaborating with the foreign emperor Napoleon. He spent thirteen years in prison along side of a priest who in exchange for helping him dig a tunnel for their escape he would teach Edmond how to read and write .He also taught him how to be a masterful swordsmen . Soon after the priest passed after a seizure and Edmond Dantes was left to complete the escape alone , but not as planned . He escaped switching places with the priests body and after being drug out in a body bag and thrown into the icy waters of the bay ,he visited the island of Monte

The Immigrants of America Essay -- Immigration

The culture of every ethnic group is beautiful in its own way and worth cherishing. Today, America is known as the great melting pot not for the number of immigrants it has but rather because of the wonderful cultures and traditions the immigrants brought with them. Immigrants do not need to forgo their mother tongue, significant celebrations or customs to become American. However to be socially accepted, they will need to learn English, take part in celebrating national holidays and fulfill their patriotic duties Americans like every other U.S citizens. It is important for immigrants to learn to speak and write in English while keeping their native tongue. Without knowing how to speak the common language here, it is impossible to blend in. I have seen Vietnamese people who migrated to the United States more than ten years ago but still speak little to no English. Most of them live in their little Vietnamese communities, subsisting off either minimal pay-checks from manual labor, such as giving manicures, or their relatives’ paychecks. They are like parasites that could literally die without their host. Foremost, they will put themselves in danger because they cannot read warning signs and prohibitions. If emergencies arise, these non-English speakers would not be able to explain the situation to a police officer. In the worse case, they will endanger others’ lives as well. These probably have their own reasons for not learning English but denial to learn when they have the potential is simply illogical when this would open so many doors, opportunities and win them the acceptance of the general population. Even Japanese people learn to speak English once they migrate to America although it is the taboo language in Japan. Immigra... ...nd Videos - For Dummies. Web. 07 Dec. 2010. . Yamaguchi, Kristi. "Faces of America - Kristi Yamaguchi." Interview by Henry L. Gates, Jr. PBS. Web. 7 Dec. 2010. . Parrillo, Vincent. â€Å"Causes of Prejudice†. Re-reading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Eds. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen and Bonnie Lisle. 8th Ed. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martin’s, 2010. 384-398 Rumbaut, Ruben G., Douglas S. Massey, and Frank D. Bean. Linguistic Life Expectancies: Immigrant Language Retention in Southern California. Tech. Population Council. Web. 17 Dec. 2010. .

Governments can affect tourism development in a number of different ways and at three scales, national, regional and local

At a National scale the government sets a very broad agenda for tourism, they define primary goals for development and identify polices with broad strategies for their implementation. The main aim at this level is to encourage economic development, especially in LEDC's as both local and international tourism can be very profitable. National tourism plans designate tourism development regions to help redistribute wealth, to create employment and to channel development into zones that have the appropriate attractions and infrastructure. This broad planning and concentration on economic development is very clear in the case study of Ireland. IN 1993 1. 25 million people visited Northern Ireland and 10,000 were directly employed in the tourism industry. In Ireland there were about 3. 5 million visitors and over 90,000 people were employed in tourism. Then in December 1994 the British and Irish governments announced national tourism plans to market Ireland as a whole rather than two separate areas. In 1995 i6. 8 million tourism incentive attracted 92,000 more visitors to the area, which in turn generated a further i4 million in international aid. This should help Ireland to develop economically and should create 30,000 new jobs. Such promotion has increased the confidence of private investors e. g. Hilton International built a i17 million luxury hotel along the lagan river in Belfast, as part of a i130 million investment scheme. At a regional scale the government has a much greater influence on specific tourism development issues. There is usually a greater level of concern over potential environmental impacts of tourism development, so therefore the government may constrain tourism development rather than totally encouraging it to protect the environment. Also a more detailed consideration of the type and location of visitor attractions, together with supporting services such as accommodation are considered. Regional plans often provide strategies aimed at the concentration or dispersal of visitors, the planning of tourist information services, the designation of tourist routes and strategic placement of key attractions. Therefore the government may encourage a new, up and coming regional attraction or they may attempt to discourage use such as in the region of North Devon, where for example Braunton burrows is being discouraged from tourists, as it is a very fragile area. This is done by restricting use to the car parks, placing ministry of defence signs and promoting the area of Saunton Sands, which will draw tourists out of the fragile location. Another example is the south west of England where the tourist boards of England and Wales (although they have no legally enforceable status) provide important frameworks for co-ordinating private and public sector development of tourism. They have to manage problems such as congestion and poor accessibility. Local scale planning policies are focused on the physical organisation of tourism resources and facilities (accommodation, local, transport, catering and local attractions), the control of physical development (such as hotel construction) and management of visitors. These are mostly short-term plans and mostly deal with preventing or reducing conflicts in tourism and encouraging its development. The management of tourism is vital to the continued success of the industry. The main aim of tourism is to be sustainable, because all tourism developments have the potential to damage the environment, the social structure or the economic stability of an area. The environment is particularly easy to damage if the carrying capacity of a tourist attraction is exceeded. This will lead to a series of problems, which will decrease the quality of the attraction and therefore discourage visitors from coming, which will then destroy the industry. So management is particularly important with environmental attractions with the main aim of keeping the number of people below the carrying capacity. An example of this kind of management is Watersmeet in North Devon. Here there is careful management to prevent lots of visitors from coming to the location. There is a very limited car park, which requires a fee based on the length of time stayed. The lodge of Watersmeet is located away from the road and is not easily accessible to wheelchairs, elderly or buggies due to narrow steep paths and bridges. It is also deliberately badly signposted so that is difficult to find unless you specifically look for it. There are also no signs to encourage strolls along the footpaths to the surrounding villages to preserve the paths and bridges. The culture and heritage of a location can also be damaged by tourism. Clovelly best illustrates this, as it is a ‘honey pot' attraction in North Devon. This village was very popular with tourists and because of its size was overrun by the increase in numbers. This could have lead to the construction of new buildings such as hotels and restraints that weren't in fitting with the existing culture and may have even replaced existing traditional shops. To prevent this kind of social damage the area is managed to restrict visitors and is closed to all traffic. Development is also restricted in Clovelly to preserve the culture and traditional crafts of the area. All over North Devon there is a delicate culture that many tourists come to experience. To protect this especially in the National Park areas, it is managed so that any conflicts always favour the solutions that protect the environment, culture and heritage of the location. Surprisingly tourism can also damage the economic stability of an area, which at first sight is not thought of, as tourism is a profitable industry. It requires a vast quantity of investment to set up a tourist attraction and then unless the project is carefully managed the attraction will loose money and either the owners or the local area will have to pay back the loan, upsetting the economy. Tourism also requires a lot of extra money to maintain the attractions, which can be wasted unless it is carefully managed and spent wisely. If the money is wasted and doesn't properly restore the facility then it will loose business and the tourism industry will suffer. Another problem with tourism is that the jobs it provides for the local economy are seasonal and not full time. This doesn't help put money into the local economy as many of the residents require more permanent jobs and so seek employment elsewhere. The jobs provided are also often given to outsiders who then take their profits out of the location, not aiding the economy. Management, especially in the National Park and Heritage Coast of North Devon, ensures that those who profit from tourism are either from the immediate area, or are people who will use the money to help maintain or further tourist development. This includes large companies such as the National Trust who plough profits back into the economy, this keeps the tourist industry afloat while also creating a stable economy. A big problem for the tourist industry is the infrastructure of the location and whether it can deal with the high numbers of visitors or not. It has to be carefully managed so that the tourists can get to the facilities and enjoy their stay without damaging the environment, or the cultural heritage of the attraction. For example tourists need roads and accommodation to enjoy their trip, yet if this involves buildings a huge bypass then this will damage the environment and decrease the environmental quality of the area, this may lead to a decrease in visitors and a decline in the industry. Also a new hotel complex may be built for tourists yet this may replace a traditional shop or craft centre, which was originally a tourist attraction, so management is very important. Overall it is clear to see that unless a tourist area is carefully managed then it will be damaged which will mean les people visit the area and so the tourist industry will fail.